DMDM hydantoin is a preservative and antimicrobial agent found in a wide range of cosmetics and skin-care and hair-care products. It’s considered a “formaldehyde donor.” That means it releases a small amount of formaldehyde over time to help keep products fresh and free from contaminants
Dimethylol-dimethyl (DMDM) hydantoin is a chemical used in a wide range of cosmetic products. While it can serve an important purpose in preventing the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, some people question its safety.
DMDM hydantoin is a crystal-like, odorless chemical often used in cosmetics as a preservative. Several products contain the chemical, from makeup and moisturizers to shampoos and conditioners.
Some experts have concerns over DMDM hydantoin’s continued use. Between 8–9%Trusted Source of the United States population has an allergic reaction when it comes into contact with the skin.
What is a formaldehyde-releaser?
DMDM hydantoin is a type of formaldehyde-releaser.
A formaldehyde-releaser is a chemical often found in personal care products. It releases small amounts of formaldehyde over time to preserve the products.
A person’s skin can absorb the chemical while using the product. A 2015 journal article linked formaldehyde to contact dermatitis, suggesting that an allergic reaction to formaldehyde was not uncommon.
According to a 2015 study, the U.S. and the European Union allow personal care products to contain as much as 0.6%Trusted Source formaldehyde-releasers, such as DMDM hydantoin.
While labeling is required, the researchers noted that tested products often contained more formaldehyde-releasers than labeled, which makes it difficult for people allergic to the ingredient to know what to avoid.
Uses and benefits
Some products that may contain DMDM hydantoin include:
shampoos
conditioners
makeup
makeup removers
liquid hand soaps
styling products
facial cleansers
moisturizers
sunscreen
DMDM hydantoin has antimicrobial properties, which means it can help kill small organisms and preserve the product’s freshness.
Antimicrobial chemicals such as DMDM hydantoin can help prevent the growth of potentially harmful:
bacteria
fungus
yeast
Cosmetic companies often add DMDM hydantoin to their products to help prevent the growth of these organisms. This helps protect the user from potential skin infections and makes the product last longer.
Bacteria often grow well in warm, wet environments. DMDM hydantoin can prevent their growth on personal care products kept in the bathroom, which is prone to warmth and moisture.
Is it safe?
Cosmetic products contain a small amount of DMDM hydantoin. These levels are generally safe for most people.
However, 8–9%Trusted Source of the U.S. population may have an allergic reaction after coming into contact with products that contain formaldehyde.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source recognizes DMDM hydantoin and other formaldehyde-releasing chemicals as potential allergens for some people.
There is no evidence supporting that DMDM hydantoin in cosmetics is unsafe for those not allergic to it.
